Getting Started

Basic Actions

Shortcutslang tries to be familiar to read and write. To write an action, put the action name with no spaces and a list of arguments in order.

ActionName "Action" "Arguments"

For example, the text action is named Text and has one field, the text inside it.

Text "This is my text"

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Try making shortcuts

You can convert ScPL to .shortcut on the tryit page. Copy the .shortcut file to your phone through airdrop or iCloud files and open it in Shortcuts.

Argument Labels

More complex actions have multiple fields

GetFile "iCloud Drive" true false

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For these actions, you can put labels to know which field is which.

GetFile service="iCloud Drive" showdocumentpicker=true selectmultiple=false

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Block Actions

Other actions have blocks, like the if action and choose from menu action

Text "hello"
If "Equals" "hello"
	ShowAlert title="Alert!" message="It equals hello"
Otherwise
	ShowAlert title="Alert!" message="It does not equal hello"
End If

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Variables

Variables are marked with type:varname. For example, a named variable called Input would be v:Input. There are 3 variable types, v for named variable, mv for magic variable, and s for special variables. To use a variable with spaces in the name, surround the name with quotes like v:"Repeat Index"

Using Variables

Variables can be used directly as a field value to an action or they can be put within strings or barlists (more info below).

Text mv:MyMagicVariable
Text "Backslash parenthesis are used to put a variable inside text, like \(v:ThisVariable)."

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Text
| The same is used for \(v:Variables) in barlists.

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Setting Variables

Named variables are set just like how they are in shortcuts, using the SetVariable action. For example,

Text "My text"
SetVariable "MyVariable"

# now you can use it
ShowResult "My text is \(v:MyVariable)"

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Magic variables are magical and don’t require an action to set. Instead you use the -> arrow set syntax to say that the action is magical.

Text "My text" -> mv:Magic

# now you can use it
ShowResult "Magic! \(mv:Magic)"

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You cannot set special variables, they are special.

ScPL Comments

ScPL comments can be put in your code like shortcuts comments but they do not output any actions.

# this is a comment
// this is also a comment
-- this is also a comment

Field Types

Shortcuts has many different field types, for each field type there are many ways you can write them in shortcutslang

Text Field

Many actions have text fields of different sizes. The Text action has a multiline text field, and the Save file action has a single line text field to enter a destination path.

Text fields can be used with strings and multiline text fields can also be made with barlists

Text "This is a text field with a string"

Text
| This is a multiline text field using a barlist.
| This is the second line
| This is a variable: \(v:MyVariable)

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Some text fields do not allow variables, such as the Comment action.

Comment
| This text field does not allow variables

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Comment
| \(v:Variable) # Not Allowed

Enum (Select) Field

An Enum Field has a list of options to choose from, such as the Condition field in if or the operator field in calculate.

Calculate "+" 1

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If you enter a value that is not allowed, shortcutslang will throw an error. Unlike action names, enum fields are case and space sensitive and must be exact.

Some enum fields allow variables, and some do not.

Calculate v:Operand 3

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If an enum field does not allow variables, it will error when you try to use a variable.

Enum fields cannot have mixed text and variables, so "\(v:Not) Equals" is never allowed.

Number Field

Number fields accept a number.

Number 16
Number 29.5
Number -924
Number .8
Number -.2

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Similar to Enum fields, Number fields cannot have mixed text and variables.

Number v:MyVariable

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Number "-\(v:MyVariable)" # Not Allowed

Stepper Number Fields

Stepper number fields are like number fields but can only have positive integer numbers (no decimals)

Repeat 5
  ShowResult "Hi"
End Repeat

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Repeat 5.5 # Not allowed
  ShowResult "Hi"
End Repeat

Slider Number Fields

Slider number fields are like number fields but can only have numbers from 0 to 1

SetBrightness 0.5

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SetBrightness 1.1 # Not Allowed

Variable Picker Fields

Variable picker fields can have a variable.

GetVariable v:MyVariable

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GetVariable "MyVariable" # Not Allowed

Switch (or Expanding or Boolean) Fields

Switch fields can have a true or false value. True is on and false is off.

SetWifi true
SetAirplaneMode false

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SetWifi yes # Not Allowed, must be true or false
SetAirplaneMode no # Not Allowed, must be true or false

Some switch fields allow variables

SetWifi v:Wifi

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Dictionary Field

Dictionary fields are written like JSON

Dictionary{
	"key": "value",
	"variable": v:myVariable,
	"list": ["item 1", "item 2"],
	"dictionary": {"key": "value"}
}

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Quotes and commas are not required and = can be used instead of : if wanted

Dictionary{
	key = value
	variable = v:myVariable
	list =  ["item 1", "item 2"]
	dictionary = {key = value}
}

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List Field

Lists can be made using json-like [] syntax.

ChooseFromMenu "Pick an item" ["item 1", "item 2"]
case 1
case 2
end menu

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Even though the cases are blank the shortcut functions properly.

Similar to dictionaries, lists do not require commas and can span over multiple lines

ChooseFromMenu "Pick an item" [
	"item 1"
	"item 2"
]
case First
case Second
end menu

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Even though the cases are blank the shortcut functions properly.

Lists can also be made using barlists.

List
| My First Item
| My Second Item

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Variable Field

(Different from Variable Picker Fields)

Variable fields is the field used in SetVariable to enter a variable name. They can be made using strings or v: variables.

SetVariable "MyNamedVariable"
SetVariable v:MyNamedVariable

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Filter Field

Filter fields

FilterFiles :filter{name is "filename"}

Other Fields

There are other fields, most are very similar to similar fields like the Storage Service Picker is very similar to the Enum field.

Advanced Features

Shortcutslang has some more advanced features to make working on large shortcuts easier

Actions inside actions

You can put an action inside of a text field or any other field that accepts variable

Text "My number is \(Number -2.5)"

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This code is equivalent to

Number -2.5 -> mv:InsideParenthesis
Text "My number is \(mv:InsideParenthesis)"

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None of these magic variables actually get a name, they just directly reference the action.

You can even use actions inside other actions this without disrupting the action input

Text "Hello"
If Equals (Text "Goodbye")
	ShowResult "If the action input was disrupted, this would run"
Otherwise
	QuickLook
End If

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is equivalent to writing out

Text "Hello" -> mv:OriginalInput
Text "Goodbye" -> mv:ArgumentValue
GetVariable mv:OriginalInput
If Equals mv:ArgumentValue
	ShowResult "If the action input was disrupted, this would run"
Otherwise
	QuickLook # Shows "Hello"
End If

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InputArg

Sometimes you want to disrupt the input, you can use an InputArg

Text "Some text"
QuickLook ^(Text "Different text")

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is the same as

Text "Some text"
Text "Different text"
QuickLook

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Variable Aggrandizements

When you tap a variable in Shortcuts, a menu pops up containing different actions. Those are called Aggrandizements.

GetVariable v:MyVariable{as:Dictionary,key:myKey}
GetVariable v:MyContact{as:Contact,get:Notes}

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Currently, 3 aggrandizements are supported:

• as/coerce
• key/forKey
• get/getProperty (partial)

The key: aggrandizement is used very often in conjunction with the as: Dictionary aggrandizement. Instead of writing that out every time, there is a shortcut for it

GetVariable v:MyDictionary:myKey

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is the same as

GetVariable v:MyDictionary{as:Dictionary,key:myKey}

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Setting Variables

-> can be used to set more than just magic variables, it can also automatically make SetVariable actions.

Text "My Text" -> v:MyNamedVariable

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is equivalent to writing

Text "My Text"
SetVariable v:MyNamedVariable

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If you prefer, you can set variables before an action instead of after

mv:WowMagic = Text "My Text"

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is exactly the same as using an arrow, except it’s in the format mv:variable = action

Text "My Text" -> mv:WowMagic

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ArgLists

Actions can usually only take up one line of text, unless you use a barlist. If you have many different arguments, it can be helpful to have actions span multiple lines. You can use an arglist for this.

getfile a{
  service="iCloud Drive"
  showdocumentpicker=false
  filepath="/myfile.txt"
  errorifnotfound=false
}

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Special Variables

Shortcuts has 5 special variables, 2 of which seem to have no reason for existing.

• Ask When Run s:AskWhenRun (prompts the user to enter the field themselves)
• Shortcut Input s:ShortcutInput (the input to the shortcut)
• Action Input s:ActionInput (the input to the action)
• Current Date s:CurrentDate (the current date)
• Clipboard s:Clipboard (the contents of the clipboard)

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Macros and Parser Variables

The @set macro

Parser variables are variables that only exist in your scpl file. When the shortcut is generated, they are replaced with their value.

Set a parser variable with @set, use a parser variable with @:variable

@set varname "value"

text "value is \(@:varname)"

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Parser variables inherit the properties of their values.

@set number 0.5
@set list [1, 2, 3]

number @:number
list @:list

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Parser variables can contain actions

@set myaction (text "hi")

@:myaction

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Parser variables can contain lists of actions

@set EscapeText @{
    replacetext "\\" "\\\\"
    replacetext (Text "\n") " "
    replacetext ";" "\\;"
}

Text ";Hi there!\n\\"
@:EscapeText

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Parser variables can take input as a dictionary of parser variables to set

@set test (Text @:value)

@:test{value:"Hi!"}

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Use cases

In shortcuts, you can make functions by checking different inputs. To run these functions, normally it would take lots of code.

runShortcut v:ThisShortcut false ^(Dictionary{ action: Escape, text: "<the text>" })

You can define a macro/parser variable to insert that for you

setVariable v:ThisShortcut ^(text "Shortcut Name")

@set Escape (runShortcut v:ThisShortcut false ^(Dictionary{ action: Escape, text: @:text }))

AskForInput "Text to escape" -> mv:InputtedText
@:Escape{text: mv:InputtedText}

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The @foreach macro

Foreach will repeat an action multiple times

@foreach ["Item 1", "Item 2", "Item 3", "Item 4"] @{
	Text @:repeatitem
}

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The @if macro

The @if macro allows you to do things if a boolean is true

@if true @{
	text "True Condition"
} @{
	text "False Condition"
}

The @elseif macro

The @elseif macro is a shorthand for chaining else ifs.

if Equals WifiOn
	SetWifi true
@elseif Equals WifiOff
	SetWifi false
@elseif Equals BluetoothOn
	SetBluetooth true
else
	SetBluetooth false
End

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The @error macro

The @error macro throws an error.

@error "There is a problem."

The @def macro

The @def macro allows you to define your own macros.

@def @printtext ["arg1", "arg2"] @{
	ShowResult "Arg1 is \(@:arg1) and Arg2 is \(@:arg2)"
}
@PrintText arg1="Value1" arg2="Value2"

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